Which type of photoreceptor cell is mainly responsible for night vision?

Rods are the type of photoreceptor cells primarily responsible for night vision. They are highly sensitive to light and can detect low levels of illumination, making them essential for seeing in dark or dimly lit environments. Unlike cones, which are responsible for color vision and function best in bright light, rods do not perceive color. Instead, they enable us to see shades of gray in low-light conditions. This heightened sensitivity allows rods to contribute significantly to our ability to navigate and perceive our surroundings at night or in poorly lit situations.

In contrast, cones are more effective in brighter lighting and are essential for color detection and detail, while bipolar and ganglion cells play critical roles in processing visual information transmitted from the photoreceptors to the brain but are not responsible for detecting light levels directly.